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January 28, 2015

Stanford MOOCs support English learners and their teachers

The online courses encourage lively debate among students aiming to master the skills required by the Common Core.

By Theresa Johnston

Photo of students
First graders in a dual language program in Corvallis, Ore. work on a poster project. (Photo courtesy of OSU) 

Amanda Smith teaches third grade in Nyssa, Ore., a town of 3,267 people located along the banks of the Snake River, just across the border from Idaho.  Most of the parents in her school are involved in the local agricultural industry, growing potatoes, sugar beets, onions and corn. About half the students in her class speak Spanish at home.

It’s a long drive from Nyssa to the nearest shopping center, let alone a college campus. But thanks to a free Massive Open Online Course, or MOOC, this past fall from Stanford and Oregon State University (OSU), Smith was able to connect via computer with thousands of her colleagues across Oregon and other states, as well as some of the world’s leading experts on education for English language learners.  

“There are a lot of things done differently throughout the country that teachers in rural areas don’t always get a chance to see,” said Smith, one of 5,000 educators who registered for the eight-week online course. “For me, the ability to network with people around the country was huge.”  

Supporting English Language Learners under New Standards was developed by scholars in the Understanding Language Initiative at the Stanford Graduate School of Education, in a first-time partnership with OSU and the Oregon Department of Education, and was offered through Stanford Online. Its aim was to help all K-12 instructors – particularly those teaching English language learners – assist their students in mastering the complex language and reasoning skills required by the new Common Core and English Language Proficiency standards.

Martha Castellon, executive director of the Understanding Language Initiative, said that while English language learners make up nearly 11 percent of the total U.S. student population, many lack the necessary fluency to do well under the rigorous new curriculum guidelines.

Her colleague Steven Weiss, project manager for the Stanford ELL Leadership Network, said there is a large group of kids who get to an intermediate level of proficiency and just get stuck there. “They’re orally proficient, and they’d fool you, as a teacher, but they don’t have the academic uses of language that they need to be successful,” he said.

Supporting English Language Learners under New Standards is the third MOOC that Stanford’s Understanding Language Initiative has designed to support states and districts struggling with professional development and Common Core implementation. Its first free massive open online course, Constructive Classroom Conversations, was offered three times last year and attracted 18,415 registrants. Another Stanford-based MOOC was aimed at fostering reasoning around elementary school math problems.

Stanford Education Professor Kenji Hakuta, an experimental psycholinguist who spearheaded the initiative, said he is pretty sure these are among the first MOOCs in the country to be aimed specifically at K-12 professional development. 

“Usually professional development is a space occupied by for-profit textbook publishers and independent consultants,” he explained, “but we’re trying to say, ‘Look, MOOCs can be helpful tools, too,’ in part because they’re free. This approach gets the best knowledge out there into the hands of people who otherwise might not be able to afford it.”

Lively and listening

Photo of teacher/student
A teacher kneels down to talk with an English language learning student about an essay he is writing. (Photo courtesy of OSU) 

A common theme in all three of the Stanford-based MOOCs is the importance of fostering lively student-to-student academic discourse in the classroom, as opposed to passive listening.  As Hakuta explains in one of the first course video clips, “We really believe that students learn best by participating with their peers.”

His former Stanford doctoral student, OSU Professor Karen Thompson, who partnered with him on the fall 2014 MOOC, feels the same way. “Argumentation really is critical thinking,” she said. “We want to help teachers think about strategies to encourage this type of discourse, and to see videos of classrooms where teachers have tried this.”

Sara Rutherford-Quach, an instructor in the MOOCs and director of Understanding Language’s online initiatives, said language is the often-overlooked “invisible curriculum” in a classroom. “Our MOOCs try to help teachers, especially the teachers of English language learners ... listen more carefully to the language students are producing,” she said, “and better facilitate the types of discourse fostered by the new standards.”

In the Classroom Conversations MOOC, for example, a video clip shows two Latino fifth graders having a discussion about pizza.  They’ve just read an article concerning a fast-food restaurant chain that gives free slices to children as a reward for reading books. Now they’re debating whether that’s a good idea or not.

“Well I think it’s bad,” says one student, a boy in a white polo shirt.

“Why is it a problem?” asks his discussion partner, a bigger boy with close-cropped hair.

“I think [students] shouldn’t really expect food,” the first boy answers, “because it’s probably, like, gonna be bad for them. What do you think about the idea?”

“Well, I think it’s really good to read,” says the second boy, “so you could be advanced at reading and you could get more good grades. You could get a good career.”

As the youngsters converse, they write down reasons for and against the pizza reward scheme on bits of paper and then “weigh” them on two sides of a cardboard scale. The resulting give-and-take is surprisingly sophisticated. The students are sitting still (mostly), making eye contact, and asking each other pertinent follow-up questions based on the text they’ve just read. In other words, they’re using language to support reasoning – just as the rigorous new Common Core State Standards Initiative would have it.

“You can’t overstate the value of actually looking at practice in these videos,” said Timothy Blackburn, a veteran bilingual educator who took the first Stanford MOOC a year ago, and then urged his colleagues at the Oregon Department of Education to co-sponsor the latest one. “During the day, most teachers’ classroom doors are closed; it’s really hard for them to see their colleagues at work. But when they listen to the kids talking in these MOOCs, they can see how the students use academic language, and what their teachers are doing to elicit that type of language.”

Learning together

Photo of Kenji
Professor Kenji Hakuta says of the online courses: "This approach gets the best knowledge out there into the hands of people who otherwise might not be able to afford it.” (Photo: Linda A. Cicero/Stanford News Service)

In several school districts, whole groups of teachers signed up for the online courses and then met regularly in person to go over the assignments. ELL administrator Cindy Bauer says this hybrid approach worked well this past fall for her colleagues in Canby, Ore., about 20 miles south of Portland.

“One of our seasoned teachers shared that this was the best professional development she has had in 20 years of teaching ELL students,” she said. “It’s been a lot of work; I’ll say that right up front. But it was nice to have the flexibility of watching the videos at home, and doing the reading at night. And whenever we called or emailed the instructors, someone always has been there to help us.”

Veronica Gallardo, director of the Seattle Public School District’s Department of English Language Learners and International Programs, said she particularly appreciated the instructors’ willingness to modify the course, to align better with current work in her district. (At one point, they even agreed to upload a couple of new video clips, provided by Seattle schools, to reflect the city’s diverse population.) 

“The interface between the Common Core and our English language learners is a huge concern to me,” Gallardo said, “yet there wasn’t very much out there about this subject, in terms of professional development. Thank goodness for Kenji [Hakuta] and his team at the Stanford Understanding Language Initiative. They really have made these courses enticing to our teachers.”

In addition to producing the new MOOCs, Stanford’s Understanding Language Initiative has worked closely over the past four years with chief state school officers and other policymakers to help them develop new K-12 English Language Proficiency standards that mesh closely with the Common Core.  The team also has been active in developing instructional materials for English language learners, and providing professional development assistance to small rural California districts that need help implementing the new curriculum standards.

The group’s next new MOOC, offered in collaboration with UC-Davis, focuses on additional essential language practices.

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Theresa Johnston is a freelance journalist who frequently writes for Stanford Graduate School of Education publications. 

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Brooke Donald, Communications Manager, Stanford Graduate School of Education: (650) 721-1402, brooke.donald@stanford.edu

 

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